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nuclear reaction - traduction vers allemand
![The [[nuclear binding energy]] curve. The formation of nuclei with masses up to [[iron-56]] releases energy, as illustrated above.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg?width=200 "The [[nuclear binding energy]] curve. The formation of nuclei with masses up to [[iron-56]] releases energy, as illustrated above.")
![The [[CNO cycle]] dominates in stars heavier than the Sun.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CNO Cycle.svg?width=200 "The [[CNO cycle]] dominates in stars heavier than the Sun.")
![The [[proton–proton chain]] reaction, branch I, dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fusion in the Sun.svg?width=200 "The [[proton–proton chain]] reaction, branch I, dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller.")
![The [[electrostatic force]] between the positively charged nuclei is repulsive, but when the separation is small enough, the quantum effect will tunnel through the wall. Therefore, the prerequisite for fusion is that the two nuclei be brought close enough together for a long enough time for quantum tunneling to act.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nuclear fusion forces diagram.svg?width=200 "The [[electrostatic force]] between the positively charged nuclei is repulsive, but when the separation is small enough, the quantum effect will tunnel through the wall. Therefore, the prerequisite for fusion is that the two nuclei be brought close enough together for a long enough time for quantum tunneling to act.")
![The ''[[Tokamak à configuration variable]]'', research fusion reactor, at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (Switzerland).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TCV vue gen.jpg?width=200 "The ''[[Tokamak à configuration variable]]'', research fusion reactor, at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (Switzerland).")
Définition
Wikipédia
In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformation of at least one nuclide to another. If a nucleus interacts with another nucleus or particle and they then separate without changing the nature of any nuclide, the process is simply referred to as a type of nuclear scattering, rather than a nuclear reaction.
In principle, a reaction can involve more than two particles colliding, but because the probability of three or more nuclei to meet at the same time at the same place is much less than for two nuclei, such an event is exceptionally rare (see triple alpha process for an example very close to a three-body nuclear reaction). The term "nuclear reaction" may refer either to a change in a nuclide induced by collision with another particle or to a spontaneous change of a nuclide without collision.
Natural nuclear reactions occur in the interaction between cosmic rays and matter, and nuclear reactions can be employed artificially to obtain nuclear energy, at an adjustable rate, on-demand. Nuclear chain reactions in fissionable materials produce induced nuclear fission. Various nuclear fusion reactions of light elements power the energy production of the Sun and stars.
